Sahih al-Bukhari 3700

Hadith text

Narrated `Amr bin Maimun:I saw `Umar bin Al-Khattab a few days before he was stabbed in Medina. He was standing with Hudhaifa bin Al-Yaman and `Uthman bin Hunaif to whom he said, "What have you done? Do you think that you have imposed more taxation on the land (of As-Swad i.e. 'Iraq) than it can bear?" They replied, "We have imposed on it what it can bear because of its great yield." `Umar again said, "Check whether you have imposed on the land what it can not bear." They said, "No, (we haven't)." `Umar added, "If Allah should keep me alive I will let the widows of Iraq need no men to support them after me." But only four days had elapsed when he was stabbed (to death ). The day he was stabbed, I was standing and there was nobody between me and him (i.e. `Umar) except `Abdullah bin `Abbas. Whenever `Umar passed between the two rows, he would say, "Stand in straight lines." When he saw no defect (in the rows), he would go forward and start the prayer with Takbir. He would recite Surat Yusuf or An-Nahl or the like in the first rak`a so that the people may have the time to Join the prayer. As soon as he said Takbir, I heard him saying, "The dog has killed or eaten me," at the time he (i.e. the murderer) stabbed him. A non-Arab infidel proceeded on carrying a double-edged knife and stabbing all the persons he passed by on the right and left (till) he stabbed thirteen persons out of whom seven died. When one of the Muslims saw that, he threw a cloak on him. Realizing that he had been captured, the non-Arab infidel killed himself, `Umar held the hand of `Abdur-Rahman bin `Auf and let him lead the prayer. Those who were standing by the side of `Umar saw what I saw, but the people who were in the other parts of the Mosque did not see anything, but they lost the voice of `Umar and they were saying, "Subhan Allah! Subhan Allah! (i.e. Glorified be Allah)." `Abdur-Rahman bin `Auf led the people a short prayer. When they finished the prayer, `Umar said, "O Ibn `Abbas! Find out who attacked me." Ibn `Abbas kept on looking here and there for a short time and came to say. "The slave of Al Mughira." On that `Umar said, "The craftsman?" Ibn `Abbas said, "Yes." `Umar said, "May Allah curse him. I did not treat him unjustly. All the Praises are for Allah Who has not caused me to die at the hand of a man who claims himself to be a Muslim. No doubt, you and your father (Abbas) used to love to have more non-Arab infidels in Medina." Al-Abbas had the greatest number of slaves. Ibn `Abbas said to `Umar. "If you wish, we will do." He meant, "If you wish we will kill them." `Umar said, "You are mistaken (for you can't kill them) after they have spoken your language, prayed towards your Qibla, and performed Hajj like yours." Then `Umar was carried to his house, and we went along with him, and the people were as if they had never suffered a calamity before. Some said, "Do not worry (he will be Alright soon)." Some said, "We are afraid (that he will die)." Then an infusion of dates was brought to him and he drank it but it came out (of the wound) of his belly. Then milk was brought to him and he drank it, and it also came out of his belly. The people realized that he would die. We went to him, and the people came, praising him. A young man came saying, "O chief of the believers! Receive the glad tidings from Allah to you due to your company with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and your superiority in Islam which you know. Then you became the ruler (i.e. Caliph) and you ruled with justice and finally you have been martyred." `Umar said, "I wish that all these privileges will counterbalance (my shortcomings) so that I will neither lose nor gain anything." When the young man turned back to leave, his clothes seemed to be touching the ground. `Umar said, "Call the young man back to me." (When he came back) `Umar said, "O son of my brother! Lift your clothes, for this will keep your clothes clean and save you from the Punishment of your Lord." `Umar further said, "O `Abdullah bin `Umar! See how much I am in debt to others." When the debt was checked, it amounted to approximately eighty-six thousand. `Umar said, "If the property of `Umar's family covers the debt, then pay the debt thereof; otherwise request it from Bani `Adi bin Ka`b, and if that too is not sufficient, ask for it from Quraish tribe, and do not ask for it from any one else, and pay this debt on my behalf." `Umar then said (to `Abdullah), "Go to `Aisha (the mother of the believers) and say: "`Umar is paying his salutation to you. But don't say: 'The chief of the believers,' because today I am not the chief of the believers. And say: "`Umar bin Al-Khattab asks the permission to be buried with his two companions (i.e. the Prophet, and Abu Bakr)." `Abdullah greeted `Aisha and asked for the permission for entering, and then entered to her and found her sitting and weeping. He said to her, "`Umar bin Al-Khattab is paying his salutations to you, and asks the permission to be buried with his two companions." She said, "I had the idea of having this place for myself, but today I prefer `Umar to myself." When he returned it was said (to `Umar), "`Abdullah bin `Umar has come." `Umar said, "Make me sit up." Somebody supported him against his body and `Umar asked (`Abdullah), "What news do you have?" He said, "O chief of the believers! It is as you wish. She has given the permission." `Umar said, "Praise be to Allah, there was nothing more important to me than this. So when I die, take me, and greet `Aisha and say: "`Umar bin Al-Khattab asks the permission (to be buried with the Prophet (ﷺ) ), and if she gives the permission, bury me there, and if she refuses, then take me to the grave-yard of the Muslims." Then Hafsa (the mother of the believers) came with many other women walking with her. When we saw her, we went away. She went in (to `Umar) and wept there for sometime. When the men asked for permission to enter, she went into another place, and we heard her weeping inside. The people said (to `Umar), "O chief of the believers! Appoint a successor." `Umar said, "I do not find anyone more suitable for the job than the following persons or group whom Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had been pleased with before he died." Then `Umar mentioned `Ali, `Uthman, Az-Zubair, Talha, Sa`d and `Abdur-Rahman (bin `Auf) and said, "Abdullah bin `Umar will be a witness to you, but he will have no share in the rule. His being a witness will compensate him for not sharing the right of ruling. If Sa`d becomes the ruler, it will be alright: otherwise, whoever becomes the ruler should seek his help, as I have not dismissed him because of disability or dishonesty." `Umar added, "I recommend that my successor takes care of the early emigrants; to know their rights and protect their honor and sacred things. I also recommend that he be kind to the Ansar who had lived in Medina before the emigrants and Belief had entered their hearts before them. I recommend that the (ruler) should accept the good of the righteous among them and excuse their wrong-doers, and I recommend that he should do good to all the people of the towns (Al-Ansar), as they are the protectors of Islam and the source of wealth and the source of annoyance to the enemy. I also recommend that nothing be taken from them except from their surplus with their consent. I also recommend that he do good to the 'Arab bedouin, as they are the origin of the 'Arabs and the material of Islam. He should take from what is inferior, amongst their properties and distribute that to the poor amongst them. I also recommend him concerning Allah's and His Apostle's protectees (i.e. Dhimmis) to fulfill their contracts and to fight for them and not to overburden them with what is beyond their ability." So when `Umar expired, we carried him out and set out walking. `Abdullah bin `Umar greeted (`Aisha) and said, "`Umar bin Al-Khattab asks for the permission." `Aisha said, "Bring him in." He was brought in and buried beside his two companions. When he was buried, the group (recommended by `Umar) held a meeting. Then `Abdur-Rahman said, " Reduce the candidates for rulership to three of you." Az-Zubair said, "I give up my right to `Ali." Talha said, "I give up my right to `Uthman." Sa`d said, 'I give up my right to `Abdur-Rahman bin `Auf." `Abdur-Rahman then said (to `Uthman and `Ali), "Now which of you is willing to give up his right of candidacy so that he may choose the better of the (remaining) two, bearing in mind that Allah and Islam will be his witnesses." So both the sheiks (i.e. `Uthman and `Ali) kept silent. `Abdur-Rahman said, "Will you both leave this matter to me, and I take Allah as my Witness that I will not choose but the better of you?" They said, "Yes." So `Abdur-Rahman took the hand of one of them (i.e. `Ali) and said, "You are related to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and one of the earliest Muslims as you know well. So I ask you by Allah to promise that if I select you as a ruler you will do justice, and if I select `Uthman as a ruler you will listen to him and obey him." Then he took the other (i.e. `Uthman) aside and said the same to him. When `Abdur-Rahman secured (their agreement to) this covenant, he said, "O `Uthman! Raise your hand." So he (i.e. `Abdur-Rahman) gave him (i.e. `Uthman) the solemn pledge, and then `Ali gave him the pledge of allegiance and then all the (Medina) people gave him the pledge of allegiance

Amr bin Maimun bataate hain: Maine Umar bin Al-Khattab ko Madina mein unpar chaaku maare jaane se kuch din pahle dekha. Woh Hudhaifa bin Al-Yaman aur Uthman bin Hunaif ke saath khade the, jinse unhone kaha, "Tumne kya kiya hai? Kya tumhe lagta hai tumne As-Swad (yaani Iraq) ki zameen par uski takat se zyada tax laga diya hai?" Unhone jawab diya, "Humne ispar utna hi tax lagaya hai jitna yeh uski achhi paidawaar ki wajah se sambhaal sakti hai." Umar ne phir kaha, "Check karo kya tumne zameen par uski takat se zyada tax laga diya hai." Unhone kaha, "Nahi, (humne aisa nahi kiya)." Umar ne joda, "Agar Allah mujhe zinda rakhe, main Iraq ki vidhavaon ko mere baad kisi aur mard ke sahaare ki zaroorat nahi padne dunga." Magar sirf chaar din guzre the jab unpar chaaku maara gaya. Jis din unpar chaaku maara gaya, main khada tha aur mere aur unke beech koi nahi tha siwaye Abdullah bin Abbas ke. Jab bhi Umar donon safon ke beech se guzarte, woh kahte, "Seedhi lainon mein khade ho." Jab unhe safon mein koi kami nahi dikhti, woh aage badhte aur Takbir ke saath namaz shuru karte. Woh pahli rakat mein Surah Yusuf ya An-Nahl ya isI tarah ki koee Surah padhte the taake logon ko namaz mein shaamil hone ka waqt mil sake. Jaise hi unhone Takbir kahi, maine unhe kehte suna, "Kutte ne mujhe maar diya hai ya khaa liya hai," jis waqt (yaani hatyaare ne) unhe chaaku maara. Ek gair-Arab kaafir ek do-dhaari chaaku lekar aage badha aur jis bhi shaks ke paas se guzarta, dahine aur baaye chaaku maarta jata (jab tak) usne terah logon ko chaaku maara jinme se saat mar gaye. Jab ek Musalman ne yeh dekha, usne uske oopar ek chaadar phenki. Yeh mahsoos karke ke woh pakda gaya hai, gair-Arab kaafir ne khud ko qatl kar liya. Umar ne Abdur-Rahman bin Auf ka haath pakda aur unhe namaz padhaane diya. Jo log Umar ke bagal mein khade the unhone woh dekha jo maine dekha, magar jo log masjid ke doosre hisson mein the unhone kuch nahi dekha, magar unhone Umar ki aawaaz khoi hui paee aur woh kah rahe the, "Subhan Allah! Subhan Allah!" Abdur-Rahman bin Auf ne logon ko ek chhoti namaz padhaee. Jab unhone namaz khatam ki, Umar ne kaha, "Aye Ibn Abbas! Pata karo kisne mujhpar hamla kiya." Ibn Abbas thodi der idhar-udhar dekhte rahe aur aakar kaha, "Al Mughira ke gulaam ne." Isspar Umar ne kaha, "Woh karigar?" Ibn Abbas ne kaha, "Haan." Umar ne kaha, "Allah use laanat kare. Maine unke saath na-insaafi nahi ki. Sab tarifen Allah ke liye hain Jisne mujhe aise shaks ke haathon marne nahi diya jo khud ko Musalman kehta hai. Beshak, tum aur tumhare waalid (Abbas) zyada gair-Arab kaafiron ko Madina mein rakhna pasand karte the." Al-Abbas ke paas sabse zyada gulaam the. Ibn Abbas ne Umar se kaha, "Agar aap chahen, hum aisa karenge." Unka matlab tha, "Agar aap chahen, hum unhe qatl kar denge." Umar ne kaha, "Tum galat samajh rahe ho (kyunke tum unhe qatl nahi kar sakte) baad mein jab unhone tumhari bhaasha bol li hai, tumhare Qibla ki taraf namaz padhi hai, aur tumhari tarah Hajj kiya hai." Phir Umar ko unke ghar le jaaya gaya, aur hum unke saath gaye, aur log aise the mano unhone pahle kabhi koi museebat nahi jheli thi. Kuch ne kaha, "Fikar mat kariye (woh theek ho jaenge jald hi)." Kuch ne kaha, "Humein dar hai (ke woh mar jaenge)." Phir khajooron ka ek ghol unhe diya gaya aur unhone use piya magar yeh unke pet (ke ghaav) se bahar nikal aaya. Phir unhe doodh diya gaya, aur unhone use bhi piya, aur yeh bhi unke pet se bahar nikal aaya. Logon ko samajh aa gaya ke woh mar jaenge. Hum unke paas gaye, aur log unki taarif karte hue aaye. Ek jawan shaks aakar bola, "Aye Mominon ke Ameer! Allah ki taraf se aapko khushkhabri ho, aapki Allah ke Rasool ke saath sohbat ki wajah se aur Islam mein aapki superiority ki wajah se jo aap jaante hain. Phir aap hukmaran (yaani Khalifa) bane aur aapne insaaf se hukumat ki aur aakhirkaar aap shaheed hue." Umar ne kaha, "Kaash yeh sab ehsaan (mere kamiyon ke) barabar ho jaen, taake na mujhe kuch faayda ho na nuksaan." Jab jawan shaks pichhe murkar jaane laga, uske kapde zameen ko chhoote hue lag rahe the. Umar ne kaha, "Jawan shaks ko mere paas wapas bulao." (Jab woh wapas aaya) Umar ne kaha, "Aye mere bhai ke bete! Apne kapde uthao, kyunke isse tumhare kapde saaf rahenge aur tumhe apne Rab ki saza se bachaenge." Umar ne aage kaha, "Aye Abdullah bin Umar! Dekho main kitna qarzdaar hoon (doosron ka)." Jab qarz check kiya gaya, woh takriban chhiyasi hazaar tha. Umar ne kaha, "Agar Umar ke pariwara ki jaidad qarz poora kar de, to usse qarz chuka do; warna Bani Adi bin Ka'b se guzarish karo, aur agar yeh bhi kaafi na ho, Quraish qabile se maango, aur kisi aur se mat maango, aur mere taraf se yeh qarz ada karo." Umar ne phir (Abdullah se) kaha, "Ayesha (mominon ki maa) ke paas jaao aur kaho: Umar aapko salaam kehta hai. Magar 'mominon ke Ameer' mat kaho, kyunke aaj main mominon ka Ameer nahi hoon. Aur kaho: Umar bin Al-Khattab apne do sathiyon (yaani Nabi aur Abu Bakr) ke saath dafan hone ki ijazat maangta hai." Abdullah ne Ayesha ko salaam kiya aur andar aane ki ijazat maangi, aur phir unke paas daakhil hue aur unhe baithe rote paaya. Unhone unse kaha, "Umar bin Al-Khattab aapko salaam kehte hain, aur apne do sathiyon ke saath dafan hone ki ijazat maangte hain." Unhone kaha, "Maine yeh jagah apne liye rakhi thi, magar aaj main Umar ko khud se zyada tarjih deti hoon." Jab woh wapas aaye, kaha gaya (Umar se), "Abdullah bin Umar aa gaye hain." Umar ne kaha, "Mujhe baithao." Kisi ne unke jism ko sahaara diya aur Umar ne (Abdullah se) pucha, "Kya khabar hai tumhare paas?" Unhone kaha, "Aye Mominon ke Ameer! Jaisa aap chahte the. Unhone ijazat de di hai." Umar ne kaha, "Allah ki taarif ho, mere liye ismein se zyada zaroori kuch nahi tha. Isliye jab main mar jaun, mujhe le jaana, aur Ayesha ko salaam karna aur kehna: Umar bin Al-Khattab ijazat maangta hai (yaani Nabi ke saath dafan hone ki), aur agar woh ijazat de, mujhe wahaan dafan karna, aur agar woh inkaar kare, mujhe Musalmanon ke qabristaan mein le jaana." Phir Hafsa (mominon ki maa) bahut si aurton ke saath aee jo unke saath chal rahi thi. Jab humne unhe dekha, hum chale gaye. Woh andar gee (Umar ke paas) aur kuch der roee. Jab mardon ne andar aane ki ijazat maangi, woh doosri jagah chali gaee, aur humne unhe andar rote hue suna. Logon ne (Umar se) kaha, "Aye Mominon ke Ameer! Apna uttaradhikaari muqarrar keejiye." Umar ne kaha, "Mujhe in logon se ya is giroh se behtar koi shaks is kaam ke liye nahi milta jinke saath Allah ke Rasool apni maut se pahle khush the." Phir Umar ne Ali, Uthman, Az-Zubair, Talha, Sa'd, aur Abdur-Rahman (bin Auf) ka naam liya aur kaha, "Abdullah bin Umar tumhaare liye gawaah hoga, magar use hukumat mein koee hissa nahi milega. Unka gawaah hona hukumat na milne ki bharpaee karega. Agar Sa'd hukmaran bante hain, theek hai; warna, jo bhi hukmaran bane use unki madad leni chahiye, kyunke maine unhe asamarthata ya be-imaani ki wajah se nahi hataya." Umar ne joda, "Main sujhaav deta hoon ke mera uttaradhikaari purane muhajiron ka khayaal rakhe; unke haqq jaane aur unki izzat aur pavitr cheezon ki raksha kare. Main yeh bhi sujhaav deta hoon ke woh Ansaar ke saath narmi se pesh aaye jo muhajiron se pahle Madina mein rahte the aur jinke dilon mein iman unse pahle daakhil hua. Main sujhaav deta hoon ke (hukmaran) unmein se dhaarmik logon ki achhaee qubool kare aur unke galat karne walon ko maaf kare, aur main sujhaav deta hoon ke woh shehron ke sab logon (Al-Ansaar) ke saath achha suluk kare, kyunke woh Islam ki raksha karne wale aur daulat ke srot hain aur dushman ke liye pareshaani ka srot hain. Main yeh bhi sujhaav deta hoon ke unse kuch na liya jaaye siwaye unke atirikt se, unki apni razaamandi se. Main yeh bhi sujhaav deta hoon ke woh Arab dehatiyon ke saath achha suluk kare, kyunke woh Arabon ke mool hain aur Islam ki saamagri hain. Use unki jaidad mein se woh cheez leni chahiye jo kam mahatvapurna ho aur use unmein se gareebon mein baant deni chahiye. Main use Allah aur uske Rasool ke Dhimmi (yaani gair-Musalman praja) ke baare mein bhi sujhaav deta hoon ke unke muahide poore kare aur unke liye jung kare aur unpar unki kshamata se zyada bojh na daale." Isliye jab Umar guzar gaye, hum unhe uthakar chal pade. Abdullah bin Umar ne salaam kiya (Ayesha ko) aur kaha, "Umar bin Al-Khattab ijazat maangte hain." Ayesha ne kaha, "Unhe andar lao." Unhe andar laaya gaya aur unke donon sathiyon ke bagal mein dafan kiya gaya. Jab unhe dafan kiya gaya, giroh (jinka Umar ne naam liya tha) ne ek baithak ki. Phir Abdur-Rahman ne kaha, "Apne mein se hukumat ke ummeedwaron ko teen tak kam karo." Az-Zubair ne kaha, "Main apna haqq Ali ko detaa hoon." Talha ne kaha, "Main apna haqq Uthman ko detaa hoon." Sa'd ne kaha, "Main apna haqq Abdur-Rahman bin Auf ko detaa hoon." Abdur-Rahman ne phir kaha (Uthman aur Ali se), "Ab tum donon mein se kaun apne ummeedwaari ka haqq chhodne ke liye tayyar hai taake woh (baaki) donon mein se behtar chun sake, is baat ko dhyaan mein rakhte huye ke Allah aur Islam uske gawaah honge?" Isliye donon buzurg (yaani Uthman aur Ali) khaamosh rahe. Abdur-Rahman ne kaha, "Kya tum donon yeh maamla mujhpar chhodoge, aur main Allah ko apna gawaah banata hoon ke main tum donon mein se behtar hi chununga?" Unhone kaha, "Haan." Isliye Abdur-Rahman ne unmein se ek (yaani Ali) ka haath pakda aur kaha, "Aapka Allah ke Rasool se rishta hai aur aap Musalmanon mein se sabse pahle ke ek hain, jaisa aap achhi tarah jaante hain. Isliye main aapko Allah ki qasam deta hoon ke waada karo agar main aapko hukmaran chunta hoon aap insaaf karenge, aur agar main Uthman ko hukmaran chunta hoon aap unki baat sunenge aur unki itaaat karenge." Phir usne doosre (yaani Uthman) ko alag lekar wahi kaha. Jab Abdur-Rahman ne unkaa (samjhauta) sunishchit kar liya, unhone kaha, "Aye Uthman! Apna haath uthao." Isliye usne (yaani Abdur-Rahman ne) unhe (yaani Uthman ko) solemn pledge di, aur phir Ali ne unhe bai'at di aur phir sab (Madina ke) logon ne unhe bai'at di.

Sahih al-Bukhari 3700 · Book 62, Hadith 50