Sahih al-Bukhari 4531

Hadith text

Narrated Mujahi:(regarding the Verse):-- "Those of you who die and leave wives behind. They - (their wives) -- shall wait (as regards their marriage ) for four months and ten days)." (2.234) The widow, according to this Verse, was to spend this period of waiting with her husband's family, so Allah revealed: "Those of you who die and leave wives (i.e. widows) should bequeath for their wives, a year's maintenance and residence without turning them out, but if they leave (their residence), there is no blame on you for what they do with themselves provided it is honorable.' (i.e. lawful marriage) (2.240). So Allah entitled the widow to be bequeathed extra maintenance for seven months and twenty nights, and that is the completion of one year. If she wished she could stay (in her husband's home) according to the will, and she could leave it if she wished, as Allah says: "..without turning them out, but if they leave (the residence), there is no blame on you." So the 'Idda (i.e. four months and ten days as it) is obligatory for her. 'Ata said: Ibn `Abbas said, "This Verse, i.e. the Statement of Allah: "..without turning them out.." cancelled the obligation of staying for the waiting period in her dead husband's house, and she can complete this period wherever she likes." 'Ata' said: If she wished, she could complete her 'Idda by staying in her dead husband's residence according to the will or leave it according to Allah's Statement:-- "There is no blame on you for what they do with themselves." `Ata' added: Later the regulations of inheritance came and abrogated the order of the dwelling of the widow (in her dead husband's house), so she could complete the 'Idda wherever she likes. And it was no longer necessary to provide her with a residence. Ibn `Abbas said, "This Verse abrogated her (i.e. widow's) dwelling in her dead husband's house and she could complete the 'Idda (i.e. four months and ten days) wherever she liked, as Allah's Statement says:--"...without turning them out

Mujahid is Aayat ke baare mein bataate hain: 'Jo tum mein se wafat pa jaayein aur biwiyaan chhod jaayein, wo (biwiyaan) apne (nikaah ke) maamle mein chaar mahine dus din intezaar karein' (2:234). Is Aayat ke mutaabik, bewa apni Iddat apne shohar ke gharwaalon ke saath guzaarti thi, phir Allah ne naazil farmaya: 'Jo tum mein se wafat pa jaayein aur biwiyaan (bewaayein) chhod jaayein, unhe chaahiye ke apni biwiyon ke liye ek saal ka kharcha aur rehne ki jagah ki wasiyat karein, unhe (ghar se) nikaale bagair, magar agar wo (khud) chali jaayein, to unke apne baare mein jo bhi (jaayez) kaam wo karein, us par tum par koi gunaah nahi (yaani jaayez nikaah)' (2:240). Is tarah Allah ne bewa ko saat mahine bees raaton ke izaafi kharche ki wasiyat ka haq diya, jo ek saal poora karta hai. Agar wo chaahe to wasiyat ke mutaabik (shohar ke ghar mein hi) reh sakti thi, aur chaahe to chali bhi ja sakti thi, jaisa Allah ne farmaya, '...unhe nikaale bagair, magar agar wo chali jaayein to koi gunaah nahi.' Iddat (yaani chaar mahine dus din) uske liye zaroori (farz) hai. Ata kehte hain: Ibn Abbas ne kaha, 'Is Aayat - yaani "unhe nikaale bagair" - ne (bewa ke liye) shohar ke ghar mein Iddat guzaarne ki pabandi khatam kar di, aur wo jahaan chaahe apni Iddat poori kar sakti hai.' Ata kehte hain: Agar wo chaahe to wasiyat ke mutaabik shohar ke ghar mein hi Iddat poori kar sakti thi, ya Allah ke farmaan ke mutaabik chali jaa sakti thi, 'unke apne baare mein jo bhi kaam wo karein, tum par koi gunaah nahi.' Ata ne aage kaha: Baad mein miraas (wirasat) ke ahkaam naazil hue jinhone bewa ke shohar ke ghar mein rehne ke hukm ko mansookh kar diya, ab wo Iddat jahaan chaahe poori kar sakti thi, aur uske liye rehne ki jagah muhaiya karna zaroori nahi raha. Ibn Abbas ne kaha, 'Is Aayat ne uske shohar ke ghar mein rehne (ke hukm) ko mansookh kar diya, aur wo apni Iddat (yaani chaar mahine dus din) jahaan chaahe poori kar sakti hai, jaisa Allah ke farmaan mein hai, "unhe nikaale bagair."'

Sahih al-Bukhari 4531 · Book 65, Hadith 54