Sahih al-Bukhari 6830

Hadith text

Narrated Ibn `Abbas:I used to teach (the Qur'an to) some people of the Muhajirln (emigrants), among whom there was `Abdur Rahman bin `Auf. While I was in his house at Mina, and he was with `Umar bin Al-Khattab during `Umar's last Hajj, `Abdur-Rahman came to me and said, "Would that you had seen the man who came today to the Chief of the Believers (`Umar), saying, 'O Chief of the Believers! What do you think about so-and-so who says, 'If `Umar should die, I will give the pledge of allegiance to such-andsuch person, as by Allah, the pledge of allegiance to Abu Bakr was nothing but a prompt sudden action which got established afterwards.' `Umar became angry and then said, 'Allah willing, I will stand before the people tonight and warn them against those people who want to deprive the others of their rights (the question of rulership). `Abdur-Rahman said, "I said, 'O Chief of the believers! Do not do that, for the season of Hajj gathers the riff-raff and the rubble, and it will be they who will gather around you when you stand to address the people. And I am afraid that you will get up and say something, and some people will spread your statement and may not say what you have actually said and may not understand its meaning, and may interpret it incorrectly, so you should wait till you reach Medina, as it is the place of emigration and the place of Prophet's Traditions, and there you can come in touch with the learned and noble people, and tell them your ideas with confidence; and the learned people will understand your statement and put it in its proper place.' On that, `Umar said, 'By Allah! Allah willing, I will do this in the first speech I will deliver before the people in Medina." Ibn `Abbas added: We reached Medina by the end of the month of Dhul-Hijja, and when it was Friday, we went quickly (to the mosque) as soon as the sun had declined, and I saw Sa`id bin Zaid bin `Amr bin Nufail sitting at the corner of the pulpit, and I too sat close to him so that my knee was touching his knee, and after a short while `Umar bin Al-Khattab came out, and when I saw him coming towards us, I said to Sa`id bin Zaid bin `Amr bin Nufail "Today `Umar will say such a thing as he has never said since he was chosen as Caliph." Sa`id denied my statement with astonishment and said, "What thing do you expect `Umar to say the like of which he has never said before?" In the meantime, `Umar sat on the pulpit and when the callmakers for the prayer had finished their call, `Umar stood up, and having glorified and praised Allah as He deserved, he said, "Now then, I am going to tell you something which (Allah) has written for me to say. I do not know; perhaps it portends my death, so whoever understands and remembers it, must narrate it to the others wherever his mount takes him, but if somebody is afraid that he does not understand it, then it is unlawful for him to tell lies about me. Allah sent Muhammad with the Truth and revealed the Holy Book to him, and among what Allah revealed, was the Verse of the Rajam (the stoning of married person (male & female) who commits illegal sexual intercourse, and we did recite this Verse and understood and memorized it. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) did carry out the punishment of stoning and so did we after him. I am afraid that after a long time has passed, somebody will say, 'By Allah, we do not find the Verse of the Rajam in Allah's Book,' and thus they will go astray by leaving an obligation which Allah has revealed. And the punishment of the Rajam is to be inflicted to any married person (male & female), who commits illegal sexual intercourse, if the required evidence is available or there is conception or confession. And then we used to recite among the Verses in Allah's Book: 'O people! Do not claim to be the offspring of other than your fathers, as it is disbelief (unthankfulness) on your part that you claim to be the offspring of other than your real father.' Then Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, 'Do not praise me excessively as Jesus, son of Marry was praised, but call me Allah's Slave and His Apostles.' (O people!) I have been informed that a speaker amongst you says, 'By Allah, if `Umar should die, I will give the pledge of allegiance to such-and-such person.' One should not deceive oneself by saying that the pledge of allegiance given to Abu Bakr was given suddenly and it was successful. No doubt, it was like that, but Allah saved (the people) from its evil, and there is none among you who has the qualities of Abu Bakr. Remember that whoever gives the pledge of allegiance to anybody among you without consulting the other Muslims, neither that person, nor the person to whom the pledge of allegiance was given, are to be supported, lest they both should be killed. And no doubt after the death of the Prophet (ﷺ) we were informed that the Ansar disagreed with us and gathered in the shed of Bani Sa`da. `Ali and Zubair and whoever was with them, opposed us, while the emigrants gathered with Abu Bakr. I said to Abu Bakr, 'Let's go to these Ansari brothers of ours.' So we set out seeking them, and when we approached them, two pious men of theirs met us and informed us of the final decision of the Ansar, and said, 'O group of Muhajirin (emigrants) ! Where are you going?' We replied, 'We are going to these Ansari brothers of ours.' They said to us, 'You shouldn't go near them. Carry out whatever we have already decided.' I said, 'By Allah, we will go to them.' And so we proceeded until we reached them at the shed of Bani Sa`da. Behold! There was a man sitting amongst them and wrapped in something. I asked, 'Who is that man?' They said, 'He is Sa`d bin 'Ubada.' I asked, 'What is wrong with him?' They said, 'He is sick.' After we sat for a while, the Ansar's speaker said, 'None has the right to be worshipped but Allah,' and praising Allah as He deserved, he added, 'To proceed, we are Allah's Ansar (helpers) and the majority of the Muslim army, while you, the emigrants, are a small group and some people among you came with the intention of preventing us from practicing this matter (of caliphate) and depriving us of it.' When the speaker had finished, I intended to speak as I had prepared a speech which I liked and which I wanted to deliver in the presence of Abu Bakr, and I used to avoid provoking him. So, when I wanted to speak, Abu Bakr said, 'Wait a while.' I disliked to make him angry. So Abu Bakr himself gave a speech, and he was wiser and more patient than I. By Allah, he never missed a sentence that I liked in my own prepared speech, but he said the like of it or better than it spontaneously. After a pause he said, 'O Ansar! You deserve all (the qualities that you have attributed to yourselves, but this question (of Caliphate) is only for the Quraish as they are the best of the Arabs as regards descent and home, and I am pleased to suggest that you choose either of these two men, so take the oath of allegiance to either of them as you wish. And then Abu Bakr held my hand and Abu Ubaida bin al-Jarrah's hand who was sitting amongst us. I hated nothing of what he had said except that proposal, for by Allah, I would rather have my neck chopped off as expiator for a sin than become the ruler of a nation, one of whose members is Abu Bakr, unless at the time of my death my own-self suggests something I don't feel at present.' And then one of the Ansar said, 'I am the pillar on which the camel with a skin disease (eczema) rubs itself to satisfy the itching (i.e., I am a noble), and I am as a high class palm tree! O Quraish. There should be one ruler from us and one from you.' Then there was a hue and cry among the gathering and their voices rose so that I was afraid there might be great disagreement, so I said, 'O Abu Bakr! Hold your hand out.' He held his hand out and I pledged allegiance to him, and then all the emigrants gave the Pledge of allegiance and so did the Ansar afterwards. And so we became victorious over Sa`d bin Ubada (whom Al-Ansar wanted to make a ruler). One of the Ansar said, 'You have killed Sa`d bin Ubada.' I replied, 'Allah has killed Sa`d bin Ubada.' `Umar added, "By Allah, apart from the great tragedy that had happened to us (i.e. the death of the Prophet), there was no greater problem than the allegiance pledged to Abu Bakr because we were afraid that if we left the people, they might give the Pledge of allegiance after us to one of their men, in which case we would have given them our consent for something against our real wish, or would have opposed them and caused great trouble. So if any person gives the Pledge of allegiance to somebody (to become a Caliph) without consulting the other Muslims, then the one he has selected should not be granted allegiance, lest both of them should be killed

Ibn Abbas bataate hain: Main Muhaajireen ke kuch logon ko (Quran) padhaaya karta tha, jinmein Abdur Rahman bin Auf bhi the. Jab main unke Mina ke ghar mein tha, aur wo Umar bin Al-Khattab ke saath Umar ke aakhri Hajj mein the, Abdur Rahman mere paas aaye aur kaha, 'Kaash tumne us aadmi ko dekha hota jo aaj Momineen ke Ameer (Umar) ke paas aaya aur kaha, "Aye Momineen ke Ameer! Aap us shaks ke baare mein kya sochte hain jo kehta hai, 'Agar Umar mar jaayein, to main falaan-falaan shaks se baiyat karunga, kyunke Allah ki qasam, Abu Bakr ki baiyat sirf ek jaldi ka, achaanak amal thi jo baad mein sthaapit ho gayi.'" Umar gussa ho gaye aur phir kaha, "Agar Allah ne chaaha, to main aaj raat logon ke saamne khada hokar unhein un logon se khabardaar karunga jo doosron se unke haq (yaani hukmraani ka maamla) chheenna chahte hain."' Abdur Rahman ne kaha, 'Maine kaha, "Aye Momineen ke Ameer! Aisa mat kijiye, kyunke Hajj ka mausam bekaar aur be-fikri log jama karta hai, aur jab aap logon se khitaab karne khade honge to wahi log aapke aas-paas jama honge. Aur mujhe dar hai ke aap khade hokar kuch kahenge, aur kuch log aapki baat failaayenge aur shaayad wahi na kahein jo aapne asal mein kaha, aur uska matlab na samjhein, aur use ghalat tareeke se samjhaayein, isliye aapko tab tak intezaar karna chaahiye jab tak aap Madina na pahunch jaayein, kyunke wahi hijrat ki jagah aur Nabi ki riwaayat ki jagah hai, aur wahaan aap aalim aur izzatdaar logon se mil sakte hain, aur unhein bharosemand tareeke se apne khayaal bata sakte hain; aur aalim log aapki baat samjhenge aur use sahi jagah rakhenge." Isper, Umar ne kaha, "Allah ki qasam! Allah ne chaaha, to main Madina mein logon ke saamne apni pehli taqreer mein ye zaroor karunga."' Ibn Abbas ne izaafa kiya: Hum Zul-Hijja ke aakhir mein Madina pahunche, aur jab Jumma tha, hum jaldi se (Masjid ki taraf) gaye jaise hi suraj dhala, aur maine Saeed bin Zaid bin Amr bin Nufail ko mimbar ke ek kone mein baithe dekha, aur main bhi unke qareeb baitha itna ke mera ghutna unke ghutne se chhu raha tha, aur thodi der baad Umar bin Al-Khattab baahar aaye, aur jab maine unhein hamaari taraf aate dekha, maine Saeed bin Zaid bin Amr bin Nufail se kaha, 'Aaj Umar kuch aisa kahenge jaisa unhone Khalifa chune jaane ke baad kabhi nahi kaha.' Saeed ne mere bayaan ko hairaani se rad kiya aur kaha, 'Tumhein kya lagta hai Umar aisa kya kahenge jo unhone pehle kabhi nahi kaha?' Isi dauraan, Umar mimbar par baithe, aur jab Azaan dene walon ne apni Azaan khatam ki, Umar khade hue, aur Allah ki tareef aur hamd karne ke baad jaisi wo laayak hai, unhone kaha, 'Ab, aage, main tumhein kuch aisa bataane ja raha hoon jo (Allah ne) mere kehne ke liye likha hai. Mujhe nahi pata; shaayad ye meri maut ki nishaani hai, isliye jo koi ise samjhe aur yaad rakhe, use ye doosron ko sunaana chaahiye jahaan bhi uski sawaari le jaaye, magar agar kisi ko dar ho ke wo ise sahi tarah nahi samjhega, to uske liye mere baare mein jhoot bolna na-jaayez hai. Allah ne Muhammad ko Haq ke saath bheja aur unhein paak Kitaab naazil ki, aur jo kuch Allah ne naazil kiya usmein Rajam ki Aayat bhi thi (shaadi-shuda mard aur aurat, jo zina karein, ke sangsaar ke baare mein), aur humne ye Aayat padhi, samjhi aur yaad ki. Allah ke Rasool (SAW) ne Rajam ki saza di, aur humne bhi unke baad di. Mujhe dar hai ke lambi muddat guzarne ke baad, koi kahega, "Allah ki qasam, humein Rajam ki Aayat Allah ki Kitaab mein nahi milti," aur isse wo bhatak jaayenge is farz ko chhod kar jo Allah ne naazil kiya hai. Aur Rajam ki saza kisi bhi shaadi-shuda shaks (mard ya aurat) par lagaayi jaani chaahiye, jo zina kare, agar zaroori saboot maujood ho ya hamal ho ya iqbaal ho. Aur phir hum Allah ki Kitaab ki Aayaton mein ye bhi padha karte the: "Aye logo! Apne asli baap ke ilaawa kisi aur ki aulaad hone ka dawa mat karo, kyunke ye tumhaari taraf se na-shukri (Kufr) hai ke tum apne asli baap ke ilaawa kisi aur ki aulaad hone ka dawa karo." Phir Allah ke Rasool (SAW) ne kaha, "Meri zaroorat se zyaada tareef mat karo jaise Isa, Maryam ke bete, ki (zyaada) tareef ki gayi thi, balke mujhe Allah ka bandaa aur uska Rasool kaho." (Aye logo!) Mujhe bataya gaya hai ke tum mein se ek bolne wala kehta hai, "Allah ki qasam, agar Umar mar jaayein, to main falaan-falaan shaks se baiyat karunga." Koi khud ko ye kehkar dhoka na de ke Abu Bakr ki baiyat achaanak di gayi thi aur wo kaamyaab thi. Beshak, ye waisa hi tha, magar Allah ne (logon ko) uski buraai se bachaaya, aur tum mein se koi Abu Bakr jaisi khoobiyaan nahi rakhta. Yaad rakho, jo koi bhi doosre Musalmaanon se salaah liye bagair kisi ko baiyat de (Khalifa banaane ke liye), to na wo shaks aur na jise baiyat di gayi thi, unka koi samarthan nahi kiya jaayega, kahin dono qatl na kar diye jaayein. Aur beshak, Nabi (SAW) ki maut ke baad, humein pata chala ke Ansaar humse ikhtelaaf rakhte the aur Banu Sa'da ke chhappar mein jama hue. Ali aur Zubair aur jo unke saath the, unhone hamaari mukhaalifat ki, jabke Muhaajireen Abu Bakr ke saath jama hue. Maine Abu Bakr se kaha, "Chaliye hum apne in Ansaari bhaiyon ke paas chalte hain." To hum unhein dhoondte hue nikle, aur jab hum unke qareeb pahunche, unke do neik log humse mile aur humein Ansaar ke aakhri faisle ke baare mein bataaya, aur kaha, "Aye Muhaajireen ke giroh! Tum kahaan jaa rahe ho?" Humne jawab diya, "Hum apne in Ansaari bhaiyon ke paas jaa rahe hain." Unhone humse kaha, "Tumhein unke qareeb nahi jaana chaahiye. Jo humne pehle hi tay kar liya hai wahi karo." Maine kaha, "Allah ki qasam, hum unke paas jaayenge." Aur hum aage badhe yahaan tak ke hum Banu Sa'da ke chhappar mein unke paas pahunche. Dekho! Unke beech ek aadmi baitha tha kisi cheez mein lipta hua. Maine pucha, "Ye kaun aadmi hai?" Unhone kaha, "Ye Sa'd bin Ubada hain." Maine pucha, "Unhein kya hua?" Unhone kaha, "Wo bimar hain." Kuch der baithne ke baad, Ansaar ke bolne wale ne kaha, "Allah ke siwa koi ibaadat ke laayak nahi," aur Allah ki tareef karne ke baad jaisi wo laayak hai, unhone izaafa kiya, "Aage, hum Allah ke Ansaar (madadgaar) hain aur Musalmaan fauj ka zyaada hissa hain, jabke tum, Muhaajireen, ek chhota giroh ho, aur tum mein se kuch log iss iraade se aaye ke wo humein ye maamla (yaani khilaafat) karne se rokein aur ise humse chheen lein." Jab bolne wale ne apni baat khatam ki, mujhe bolna tha kyunke maine ek taqreer taiyaar ki thi jo mujhe pasand thi aur main use Abu Bakr ki maujoodgi mein dena chahta tha, aur main unhein naaraaz karne se bachta tha. To jab maine bolna chaaha, Abu Bakr ne kaha, "Thoda ruko." Mujhe unhein gussa dilaana napasand tha. To Abu Bakr ne khud taqreer di, aur wo mujhse zyaada samajhdaar aur sabra karne wale the. Allah ki qasam, unhone koi jumla nahi chhoda jo mujhe pasand tha apni khud ki taiyaar ki gayi taqreer se, magar unhone usi jaisa ya usse behtar khud-bakhud kaha. Thodi der baad unhone kaha, "Aye Ansaar! Tum sab (khoobiyon) ke haqdaar ho jo tumne apne baare mein bataayi hain, magar ye maamla (khilaafat) sirf Quraish ke liye hai kyunke wo Arabon mein sab se behtar hain vansh aur ghar ke lihaaz se, aur mujhe khushi hai ye sujhaav dena ke tum in do aadmiyon mein se kisi ek ko chuno, isliye tum jise chaaho use baiyat do." Aur phir Abu Bakr ne mera haath thaama aur Abu Ubaida bin Al-Jarrah ka haath thaama jo humare beech baithe the. Mujhe unki kisi baat se nafrat nahi thi siwaaye us tajweez ke, kyunke Allah ki qasam, main apni gardan katwaana behtar samajhta ek gunaah ke kaffare ke taur par is se ke main ek aisi qaum ka hukmraan banoon jismein Abu Bakr shaamil hon, jab tak ke meri maut ke waqt mera khud ka nafs kuch aisa na suzaaye jo abhi mujhe mehsoos nahi hota." Phir Ansaar mein se ek shaks ne kaha, "Main wo khambha hoon jispar khaarish-zada oont apni khujli mitaane ke liye rangadta hai (yaani main ek izzatdaar shaks hoon), aur main ek badi khajoor ke darakht jaisa hoon! Aye Quraish. Ek hukmraan hamaari taraf se hona chaahiye aur ek tumhaari taraf se." Phir majlis mein shor-o-gul macha aur unki aawaazein itni oonchi ho gayin ke mujhe dar laga koi bada ikhtelaaf ho jaayega, isliye maine kaha, "Aye Abu Bakr! Apna haath badhaao." Unhone apna haath badhaaya aur maine unhein baiyat di, phir sab Muhaajireen ne baiyat di aur baad mein Ansaar ne bhi di. Aur isi tarah hum Sa'd bin Ubada (jinhein Ansaar hukmraan banaana chahte the) par kaamyaab hue. Ansaar mein se ek shaks ne kaha, "Tumne Sa'd bin Ubada ko qatl kar diya." Maine jawab diya, "Allah ne Sa'd bin Ubada ko qatl kiya."' Umar ne izaafa kiya, "Allah ki qasam, us badi museebat (yaani Nabi ki maut) ke ilaawa, jo hampar aayi, Abu Bakr ko di gayi baiyat se bada koi maamla nahi tha, kyunke hamein dar tha ke agar hum logon ko chhod dete, to wo hamare baad apne mein se kisi shaks ko baiyat de dete, aur is soorat mein hum ya to unhein apni raazamandi de dete jo hamari asli khwaahish ke khilaaf hoti, ya hum unki mukhaalifat karte aur bada fasaad hota. Isliye agar koi kisi ko (Khalifa banaane ke liye) baiyat de doosre Musalmaanon se salaah liye bagair, to jise usne chuna hai use baiyat nahi di jaani chaahiye, kahin dono qatl na kar diye jaayein."'

Sahih al-Bukhari 6830 · Book 86, Hadith 56