Sahih al-Bukhari 6899

Hadith text

Narrated Abu Qilaba:Once `Umar bin `Abdul `Aziz sat on his throne in the courtyard of his house so that the people might gather before him. Then he admitted them and (when they came in), he said, "What do you think of Al-Qasama?" They said, "We say that it is lawful to depend on Al-Qasama in Qisas, as the previous Muslim Caliphs carried out Qisas depending on it." Then he said to me, "O Abu Qilaba! What do you say about it?" He let me appear before the people and I said, "O Chief of the Believers! You have the chiefs of the army staff and the nobles of the Arabs. If fifty of them testified that a married man had committed illegal sexual intercourse in Damascus but they had not seen him (doing so), would you stone him?" He said, "No." I said, "If fifty of them testified that a man had committed theft in Hums, would you cut off his hand though they did not see him?" He replied, "No." I said, "By Allah, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) never killed anyone except in one of the following three situations: (1) A person who killed somebody unjustly, was killed (in Qisas,) (2) a married person who committed illegal sexual intercourse and (3) a man who fought against Allah and His Apostle and deserted Islam and became an apostate." Then the people said, "Didn't Anas bin Malik narrate that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) cut off the hands of the thieves, branded their eyes and then, threw them in the sun?" I said, "I shall tell you the narration of Anas. Anas said: "Eight persons from the tribe of `Ukl came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and gave the Pledge of allegiance for Islam (became Muslim). The climate of the place (Medina) did not suit them, so they became sick and complained about that to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). He said (to them ), "Won't you go out with the shepherd of our camels and drink of the camels' milk and urine (as medicine)?" They said, "Yes." So they went out and drank the camels' milk and urine, and after they became healthy, they killed the shepherd of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and took away all the camels. This news reached Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) , so he sent (men) to follow their traces and they were captured and brought (to the Prophet). He then ordered to cut their hands and feet, and their eyes were branded with heated pieces of iron, and then he threw them in the sun till they died." I said, "What can be worse than what those people did? They deserted Islam, committed murder and theft." Then 'Anbasa bin Sa`id said, "By Allah, I never heard a narration like this of today." I said, "O 'Anbasa! You deny my narration?" 'Anbasa said, "No, but you have related the narration in the way it should be related. By Allah, these people are in welfare as long as this Sheikh (Abu Qilaba) is among them." I added, "Indeed in this event there has been a tradition set by Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). The narrator added: Some Ansari people came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and discussed some matters with him, a man from amongst them went out and was murdered. Those people went out after him, and behold, their companion was swimming in blood. They returned to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and said to him, "O Allah's Apostle, we have found our companion who had talked with us and gone out before us, swimming in blood (killed)." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) went out and asked them, "Whom do you suspect or whom do you think has killed him?" They said, "We think that the Jews have killed him." The Prophet (ﷺ) sent for the Jews and asked them, "Did you kill this (person)?" They replied, "No." He asked the Al-Ansars, "Do you agree that I let fifty Jews take an oath that they have not killed him?" They said, "It matters little for the Jews to kill us all and then take false oaths." He said, "Then would you like to receive the Diya after fifty of you have taken an oath (that the Jews have killed your man)?" They said, "We will not take the oath." Then the Prophet (ﷺ) himself paid them the Diya (Blood-money)." The narrator added, "The tribe of Hudhail repudiated one of their men (for his evil conduct) in the Pre-Islamic period of Ignorance. Then, at a place called Al-Batha' (near Mecca), the man attacked a Yemenite family at night to steal from them, but a. man from the family noticed him and struck him with his sword and killed him. The tribe of Hudhail came and captured the Yemenite and brought him to `Umar during the Hajj season and said, "He has killed our companion." The Yemenite said, "But these people had repudiated him (i.e., their companion)." `Umar said, "Let fifty persons of Hudhail swear that they had not repudiated him." So forty-nine of them took the oath and then a person belonging to them, came from Sham and they requested him to swear similarly, but he paid one-thousand Dirhams instead of taking the oath. They called another man instead of him and the new man shook hands with the brother of the deceased. Some people said, "We and those fifty men who had taken false oaths (Al-Qasama) set out, and when they reached a place called Nakhlah, it started raining so they entered a cave in the mountain, and the cave collapsed on those fifty men who took the false oath, and all of them died except the two persons who had shaken hands with each other. They escaped death but a stone fell on the leg of the brother of the deceased and broke it, whereupon he survived for one year and then died." I further said, "`Abdul Malik bin Marwan sentenced a man to death in Qisas (equality in punishment) for murder, basing his judgment on Al-Qasama, but later on he regretted that judgment and ordered that the names of the fifty persons who had taken the oath (Al-Qasama), be erased from the register, and he exiled them in Sham

Abu Qilaba bataate hain: Ek baar Umar bin Abdul Aziz apne ghar ke aangan mein apne takht par baithe taake log unke saamne jama ho sakein. Phir unhone unhein andar aane diya, aur (jab wo aaye), unhone kaha, 'Tum log Al-Qasama (qasam ka silsila) ke baare mein kya sochte ho?' Unhone kaha, 'Hum kehte hain ke Al-Qasama par Qisas mein bharosa karna jaayez hai, jaisa pichhle Musalmaan Khulafa ne isi ke aadhaar par Qisas laagu kiya.' Phir unhone mujhse kaha, 'Aye Abu Qilaba! Aap iske baare mein kya kehte hain?' Unhone mujhe logon ke saamne pesh hone diya aur maine kaha, 'Aye Momineen ke Ameer! Aapke paas fauj ke afsar aur Arabon ke izzatdaar log hain. Agar unmein se pachaas log gawaahi dein ke ek shaadi-shuda aadmi ne Damishq mein zina kiya, magar unhone use (khud) nahi dekha, kya aap use sangsaar karenge?' Unhone kaha, 'Nahi.' Maine kaha, 'Agar unmein se pachaas log gawaahi dein ke ek shaks ne Hums mein chori ki, kya aap uska haath kaatenge halaanke unhone use nahi dekha?' Unhone jawab diya, 'Nahi.' Maine kaha, 'Allah ki qasam, Allah ke Rasool (SAW) ne kabhi kisi ko qatl nahi kiya siwaaye in teen sthitiyon mein se ek mein: (1) Wo shaks jisne kisi ko na-jaayez taur par qatl kiya, use (Qisas mein) qatl kiya gaya, (2) ek shaadi-shuda shaks jisne zina kiya, aur (3) ek aadmi jisne Allah aur uske Rasool ke khilaaf jang ki aur Islam chhod diya aur murtad ban gaya.' Phir logon ne kaha, 'Kya Anas bin Malik ne riwaayat nahi ki ke Allah ke Rasool (SAW) ne choron ke haath kaate, unki aankhein daaghi, aur phir unhein dhoop mein phenka?' Maine kaha, 'Main tumhein Anas ki riwaayat sunaunga. Anas ne kaha: "Ukl qabeele ke aath log Allah ke Rasool (SAW) ke paas aaye aur Islam ki baiyat li (Musalmaan bane). Us jagah (Madina) ki aab-o-hawaa unhein raast nahi aayi, isliye wo bimar pad gaye aur Allah ke Rasool (SAW) se iski shikaayat ki. Unhone (unse) kaha, "Kya tum hamare oonton ke charwaahe ke saath baahar jaakar oonton ka doodh aur peshaab (dawaai ke taur par) nahi piyoge?" Unhone kaha, "Haan." To wo baahar gaye aur oonton ka doodh aur peshaab piya, aur jab wo sehatmand ho gaye, unhone Allah ke Rasool (SAW) ke charwaahe ko qatl kar diya aur sab oont le gaye. Ye khabar Allah ke Rasool (SAW) tak pahunchi, isliye unhone (kuch logon ko) unke nishaanon ka peecha karne bheja aur unhein pakadkar laaya gaya. Phir unhone hukm diya ke unke haath-pair kaate jaayein, aur unki aankhon ko garam loha ke tukdon se daagha gaya, aur phir unhein dhoop mein phenka gaya jab tak wo mar nahi gaye."' Maine kaha, 'In logon ne jo kiya usse bura kya ho sakta hai? Unhone Islam chhoda, qatl kiya aur chori ki.' Phir Anbasa bin Saeed ne kaha, 'Allah ki qasam, maine aaj jaisi riwaayat pehle kabhi nahi suni.' Maine kaha, 'Aye Anbasa! Kya aap meri riwaayat ka inkaar karte hain?' Anbasa ne kaha, 'Nahi, magar aapne riwaayat ko usi tareeke se bayaan kiya jaisi ki jaani chaahiye. Allah ki qasam, ye log tab tak bhalaai mein rahenge jab tak ye Shaikh (Abu Qilaba) unke beech hain.' Maine izaafa kiya, 'Beshak is waaqia mein Allah ke Rasool (SAW) ki ek riwaayat (Sunnat) hai.' Ravi ne izaafa kiya: Kuch Ansaari log Nabi (SAW) ke paas aaye aur unse kuch maamlon par baat ki, unmein se ek shaks baahar gaya aur qatl kar diya gaya. Wo log uska peecha karne baahar gaye, aur dekho! Unka saathi khoon mein tairte hue mila. Wo Allah ke Rasool (SAW) ke paas wapas gaye aur unse kaha, 'Aye Allah ke Rasool, humne apne saathi ko, jisne humse baat ki thi aur humse pehle baahar gaya tha, khoon mein tairte hue paaya (qatl hua).' Allah ke Rasool (SAW) baahar gaye aur unse pucha, 'Tum kisko shak karte ho ya sochte ho ke usne use qatl kiya?' Unhone kaha, 'Humein lagta hai Yahudiyon ne use qatl kiya.' Nabi (SAW) ne Yahudiyon ko bulwaaya aur unse pucha, 'Kya tumne isko (is shaks ko) qatl kiya?' Unhone jawab diya, 'Nahi.' Unhone Ansaaron se pucha, 'Kya tum raazi ho ke main pachaas Yahudiyon ko qasam khilaaun ke unhone use qatl nahi kiya?' Unhone kaha, 'Yahudiyon ke liye hum sabko qatl karke jhoothi qasmein khaana maamooli baat hai.' Unhone kaha, 'To kya tum khud pachaas log qasam khaakar Diya (khoon-bahaa) lena pasand karoge (ke Yahudiyon ne tumhaare aadmi ko qatl kiya)?' Unhone kaha, 'Hum qasam nahi khaayenge.' Phir Nabi (SAW) ne khud unhein Diya adaa kiya.' Ravi ne izaafa kiya, 'Hudhail qabeele ne apne ek shaks ko (uske bure suluk ki wajah se) Jaahiliyat ke daur mein tyaag diya tha. Phir, Al-Batha (Makkah ke qareeb ek jagah) naami jagah par, us aadmi ne raat ko chori karne ke iraade se Yemen ke ek khaandaan par hamla kiya, magar khaandaan ke ek shaks ne use dekh liya aur apni talwaar se maar kar use qatl kar diya. Hudhail qabeela aaya aur us Yemeni shaks ko pakad liya aur use Hajj ke mausam mein Umar ke paas laaye aur kaha, 'Usne hamare saathi ko qatl kiya.' Yemeni shaks ne kaha, 'Magar in logon ne use tyaag diya tha (unka saathi maana hi nahi jaata tha).' Umar ne kaha, 'Hudhail ke pachaas log qasam khaayein ke unhone use tyaag nahi kiya tha.' To unmein se untaalis (49) logon ne qasam khaayi, aur phir unmein se ek shaks Sham se aaya aur unhone usse bhi isi tarah qasam khaane ko kaha, magar usne qasam khaane ke bajaaye ek hazaar Dirham diye. Unhone uski jagah ek aur shaks bulaaya, aur naye shaks ne mayyat ke bhai se haath milaaya. Kuch logon ne kaha, 'Hum aur wo pachaas log jinhone jhoothi qasam khaayi thi (Al-Qasama), nikle, aur jab hum Nakhla naami jagah pahunche, baarish shuru ho gayi isliye hum pahaad ki ek gufaa mein daakhil hue, aur wo gufaa un pachaas logon par gir padi jinhone jhoothi qasam khaayi thi, aur wo sab mar gaye siwaaye do logon ke jinhone ek doosre se haath milaaya tha. Wo maut se bach gaye magar ek patthar mayyat ke bhai ke pair par gira aur use tod diya, isper wo ek saal tak zinda rahe aur phir mar gaye.'" Maine aage kaha, 'Abdul Malik bin Marwan ne ek shaks ko qatl ki saza mein Qisas ki maut ki saza sunaayi, apna faisla Al-Qasama par aadhaar rakhte hue, magar baad mein unhein apne faisle par afsos hua aur unhone hukm diya ke un pachaas logon ke naam jinhone qasam khaayi thi (Al-Qasama), register mein se mita diye jaayein, aur unhein Sham mein jila-watan kiya jaaye.'

Sahih al-Bukhari 6899 · Book 87, Hadith 38